Hepatitis B: Key Facts, Prevention, and Management

Hepatitis B is a liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). This virus attacks the liver, leading to inflammation, and can cause serious health problems if not treated. The infection can be short-term, known as acute hepatitis B, or it can become long-term, known as chronic hepatitis B. Chronic hepatitis B can lead to severe liver conditions like cirrhosis or liver cancer.

Hepatitis B spreads through contact with infectious body fluids. This can happen through unprotected sex, sharing needles, or from mother to baby during childbirth. The virus is not spread through casual contact, like hugging or shaking hands. It is also not spread through food or water.

Many people with hepatitis B do not show symptoms, especially in the early stages. When symptoms do appear, they can include fatigue, abdominal pain, and jaundice, which is a yellowing of the skin and eyes. Testing is crucial because it helps in detecting the virus early, even when there are no symptoms.

Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent hepatitis B. The vaccine is safe and highly effective, providing long-lasting protection. It is typically given in a series of three shots, starting at birth. For those already infected, antiviral medications can help manage the virus and prevent liver damage.

Living with hepatitis B requires regular medical check-ups and careful management to reduce the risk of complications. Adopting a healthy lifestyle, including avoiding alcohol and maintaining a balanced diet, is essential for people with chronic hepatitis B.

In summary, hepatitis B is a serious viral infection that affects the liver, but with vaccination and proper medical care, it is manageable. Awareness and prevention play a key role in controlling the spread of this disease.